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TRIBUTE - GILLES BOUSQUET, Surgeon and technician
A. Rambert | MO n°152
March 2006 |  In 1969 I was running an applied mechanics laboratory at the Ecole Catholique des Arts at Métiers – ECAM - in Lyon. A phone call from one of my suppliers in scientific materials, informed me that one of his cousins, Head of Clinic in Orthopaedics at the Hospices Civils de Lyon, was looking for an engineer to work on an innovative project; making a knee prosthesis. Naturally I hesitated before meeting this surgeon given my lack of knowledge in anatomy, but accepted to meet with him for a first contact a few days later. The surgeon was Gilles Bousquet, he was Head of Clinic in Professor Albert Trillats department, and had just presented a thesis on knee laxities. Professor Albert Trillat had an international reputation and combined with his exceptional surgical qualities a particular liking for mechanics and mathematics. When he was young ...
A. Rambert |
TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS: Plate XXX : DISLOCATION OF THE BONES OF THE FOOT
J.-F. Malgaigne | MO n°133
April 2004 |  -- Recent medial dislocation of the tibia. This specimen was retrieved from a man who had died several days after the accident. The compound dislocation is associated with a comminuted fracture of the distal fibula and with a transverse fracture of the medial malleolus. The remainder of the malleolus projects a considerable distance, both medially and posteriorly, with the tip of the foot turned very markedly outward. Plantar alignment is still largely correct; and despite the projection of the malleolus, tibiotalar contact has not been entirely lost. -- Old medial dislocation of the tibia (Dupuytren Museum, Exhibit No. 705). The dislocation had remained unreduced. The fibula has healed in malunion, forming an inward angle called a “hatchet blow deformity” by Dupuytren. The tibia, the fibula, and the talus have fused. The specimen ...
J.-F. Malgaigne |
TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS: Plate XXVI : POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE HIP - Plate XXIX: DISLOCATIONS OF THE HIP AND THE KNEE
J.-F. Malgaigne | MO n°114
May 2002 | Chambard, age 38 years, was working on his knees in a quarry, with his left knee behind his right knee. In this position, he was hit by a huge rock (estimated by him to have weighed 1,200 pounds), which fell on him from a height of seven to eight feet, hitting him on the brim of the pelvis. He was thrown forward, with his hips and knees forced into flexion. He was immediately taken to the Pitié Hospital, where a posterior dislocation of the hip was diagnosed. Next day, Lisfranc attempted a reduction, either by the Desprez technique or by extension in the direction of the limb, with eight assistants exerting traction. Traction on the thigh with the hip semiflexed was also tried. During these manoeuvres, the femoral head was felt to descend towards the acetabulum; however, when rotation was applied in order to reduce it into the socket, it immediately ...
J.-F. Malgaigne |
TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS: Plate XX: SCAPULOHUMERAL DISLOCATION - Plate XXI: SCAPULOHUMERAL DISLOCATION - Plate XXII: SCAPULOHUMERAL DISLOCATION
J.-F. Malgaigne | MO n°112
March 2002 | FIGS. 1-3 Subcoracoid subluxation, sustained seven months earlier. -- On 16 December 1851, Boremans, age 34 years, was caught in a landslip and thrown forward onto his outstretched arms, with the right arm in slight abduction. This caused a dislocation of the right humerus, which was initially missed. The condition was recognized three months later, and a fruitless attempt at reduction was made. The patient was then admitted to my Department at the Saint-Louis Hospital, on 1 July 1852. He presented all the manifestations of a far-subcoracoid dislocation: the elbow was held laterally and slightly posteriorly, about 9 cm away from the trunk, with the lateral aspect of the arm forming a re-entering angle with a height to the apex of 15 mm. The humerus was in inward rotation, with the lateral epicondyle pointing forwards, and a large part of the ...
J.-F. Malgaigne |
TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS: Plate X: FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF THE RADIUS
J.-F. Malgaigne | MO n°111
February 2002 | Fracture of the two forearm bones at the same level, 5 cm from the wrist, with medial dislocation of the ulna. -- Specimen from a 25-year-old woman; no details of history. The two fragments of the radius are inclined medially, towards the ulna. Also, the distal radial fragment is seen overriding the proximal fragment as well as the head of the ulna. This has resulted in a change in the level of the joint surface of the radius, and a medial dislocation of the ulna. (See Vol. I, pages 589 and 601, and Vol. II page 696)FIGS. 2-4 Recent fracture of the distal end of the radius and of the styloid process of the ulna -- Specimen courtesy of Mr. Maisonneuve. The fracture was 14 days old; however, the pneumonia of which the patient died had delayed the repair process.shows the anterior aspect;, the posterior aspect; and, the transverse pattern of ...
J.-F. Malgaigne |
TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS: Plate XXVI : POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
J.-F. Malgaigne | MO n°110
January 2002 | Figs 1, 2 et 3. - Proximally intracapsular plus distally extracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur, sustained six and one-half months earlier. - Eustache, an old man of 76, fell on his greater trochanter, on 20 May 1841. I diagnosed a fracture of the neck of the femur, which was probably intracapsular; the patient's lower limb was placed on a double-inclined plane. Around 16 July, attempts were made to mobilize the patient, which were, however, thwarted by severe pain in the hip. By the end of August, the patient was able to walk on crutches; however, the pain recurred, and he became bedridden again, and stayed so until his death on 7 December.The foot was barely turned outwards; the trochanter jutted out sideways more than on the uninvolved side, and described a large arc when the limb was being rotated. The rotation seemed to take ...
J.-F. Malgaigne |
The surgical Societies in 1900
Dominique Hervault | MO n°90
January 2000 |  The end of a century and a millennium is a time for stock-taking and for looking back to see where we have come from. What were the concerns of our predecessors, in the not so distant past? The transactions of the Surgical Societies, published in the Revue de Chirurgie of 1900, provide a picture. Some of the subjects then discussed sound amazingly and amusingly "topical;" overall, though, what strikes the modern reader is how little could be done for the patients, and how limited the surgeons' armamentarium was. However, it is from our predecessors' trials and errors, from the cumulative experience of these earlier surgeons, that we are now benefiting. As the saying goes, "If we can see farther than they did, it is because we are standing on their shoulders." Those of us who find the new Millennium a worrying prospect should take heart: ...
Dominique Hervault |
The History of ACL surgery
Ph. Colombet, M. Allard, V. Bousquet, C. Delavigne, P.H. Flurin | MO n°87
October 1999 |  Reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are among the most frequently performed procedures in knee surgery nowadays. Looking at the history of ACL surgery, it is amazing to see how long it took for some diagnostic and management techniques to establish themselves. Long ago, the ACL was a structure that never had a scalpel come near it. However, since the early 20th century, there has been increasing awareness of, and interest in, the ligament and its lesions; and since then, the former Cinderella has moved very much more centre stage.As far back as 1845, Amédée Bonnet of the Lyon school, wrote a treatise on joint disorders causing bloody effusions, in which he analyzed knee injuries. He described three essential signs indicative of acute ACL rupture: “In patients who have not suffered a fracture, a snapping noise, haemarthrosis, ...
Ph. Colombet, M. Allard, V. Bousquet, C. Delavigne, P.H. Flurin |
Rembrandt?s anatomy lesson of Professor Nicolaes Tulp (1632)
A.C. Masquelet | MO n°86
September 1999 |  Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson - yes, I, too, was stunned. Do you remember the flesh tones? Earth, bare earth, especially the feet Also, there is sometimes - always, really - a contrast between the tone of the dress and that of the face.Vincent van Gogh writing to his brother TheoThe famous painting showing the anatomy lesson was created in 1632. Rembrandt was 26 at the time.He had been settled in Amsterdam for the past year. Before that time, he had already spent two years in this teeming city, as a pupil of Pieter Lastman, who passed on to him Caravaggio’s technique of chiaroscuro. When there was nothing further to be learnt from the Amsterdam master, Rembrandt had gone back to his native Leiden. He was noticed by Constantijn Huygens, a statesman in the service of the House of Orange and a great art lover, who recommended him to ...
A.C. Masquelet |
Ollier - The Father of Bone and Joint and of Reconstructive Surgery (1830-1900)
L.P. Fischer*, M.H. Fessy*, J. Bejus*, H. Chavane*, P. Papin**, J.C. Chatelet**, G. Eyraud*** | MO n°47
October 1995 | Léopold Ollier devoted his life to the surgery of the locomotor apparatus. His early research into the properties of the periosteum enabled him to devise novel strategies for the management of the joints and the extremities. In reconstructive surgery, he dealt with the soft tissues of the face, and invented a special type of skin graft. This pioneer of bone and joint surgery has rightly been called the Father of orthopaedic surgery. He was the first to suggest that bone surgery should be recognized as a discipline in its own right, and demanded this status in a speech given at the 1867 Congress of French Surgeons. In the world of experimental medicine, Ollier is seen as the Father of experimental surgery. Léopold Ollier was born in Les Vans . His ancestors - who originally spelt their name Olier had come from Malzieu in the neighbouring ...
L.P. Fischer, M.H. Fessy, J. Bejus, H. Chavane, P. Papin, J.C. Chatelet, G. Eyraud |
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